Wednesday, January 2, 2013

National Museum of Natural History - Dinosaur Hall

這是去年6月9日去Washington DC的遊記,那天下午去了National Museum of Natural History(國立自然歷史博物館),這篇文章是恐龍化石篇。下面照片這隻是距今1.5到1.4億年前後侏儸紀時代的「Allosaurs fragilis」(異特龍),他擁有強硬的下顎跟尖齒,靠著這個可以攻擊身形比他大的恐龍。

這隻是距今1.5億年前,也是後侏儸紀時代的「Stegosaurus stenops」(劍龍) ,是3到5公噸重的草食性恐龍。

這也是距1.5億年前,也是後侏儸紀時代的「Apatosaurus」(迷惑龍),身長可以到26公尺,可以重達32噸的巨大草食性恐龍。我之前都叫他「雷龍」。

左邊是「Diplodocus」 (粱龍)的頭顱化石,左邊是「Cammarasaurus」(圓頂龍)的頭顱化石,這兩種恐龍也都是後侏儸紀時期的,跟迷惑龍一樣都是相當巨大的草食性恐龍。草性恐龍雖然身形巨大,但是他們的頭顱都是偏小型,利於嚼食食物。

這是比較晚出現,約在後白堊紀時期的「Triceratops」(三角龍),也是草食性動物,頭部的三根突起的角狀物是其特徵。

三角龍化石的現場還有一個地方可以讓人直接觸摸三角龍的角狀物。

這也是出現在後白堊紀時代的很著名的肉食性恐龍「Tyrannosaurus」(暴龍),他擁有一口尖齒,強而有力的後肢跟尾巴,不過相對之下他的前肢就相當弱小。

這是在上白堊紀的草食性恐龍「Chasmosaurus」(開角龍)的頭顱化石,這種恐龍有著大型的頭盾。

下面照片這個我忘記是什麼恐龍的頭顱化石,不過這附近都是在講「Hadrosaurian Headwear」(鴨嘴龍的頭盾)。這種草食性的鴨嘴龍都會有很奇特的頭盾,通常頭盾是空心的,有些也可能有骨頭在頭盾裡面,空心的頭盾會震動空間,讓恐龍的叫聲更大。這種有頭盾的恐龍也常常會跟有角狀物的恐龍相比較。

這是學名「Diceratops hatcheri」也就是三角龍(Triceratops)的頭顱化石,放在玻璃櫃子裡,看起來是真品的化石,是距今7000到6500萬年前,後白堊紀時期的化石。

Address:
National Museum of Natural History (NMNH)
10th Street and Constitution Avenue
NW, Washington, DC 20013

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Official Website: National Museum of Natural History

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